Fire Safety at Your Workplace
Managing fire risks and dangers is a constant concern, no matter what field, area, or setting you to work in. To protect employees and keep organisations in compliance with the law, it is essential to have the proper fire safety protocols and training.In this blog post, we�ll examine what fire safety entails, who is in charge of it, and the training required to ensure your company is abiding by the law.Who is responsible for safety at workplaces?Employers are liable for all workplace health and safety issues under British law. Occupational�Health and Safety Act, etc. Act 1974�outlines the essential duties of employers to safeguard their employees and what information they must give workers. This act highlights the following measures:routinely performing and taking action on risk assessmentsselecting qualified individuals to supervise health and safetyputting emergency plans in placegiving employees the training they require for their jobsEmployees must ensure they are working safely out of respect for themselves and their coworkers. This entails adhering to their workplace�s health and safety policies and informing a health and safety representative of any potential problems.Importance of fire safety in the workplaceThe possibility of fire is one of the most significant risks in any workplace. In 2019, there were over 300 fire-related fatalities and numerous significant injuries in the UK alone. The rapidness with which a small fire can spread throughout a building, obstructing exits and reducing sight poses a particular concern in workplaces. For this reason, each company must have a comprehensive fire plan and authorised fire marshals to oversee the process.�Fire Strategy ResponsibilityEmployers, owners, or landlords ensure that everyone who lives or works on their property is safe from fire, as stated in the�Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Among their responsibilities to individuals covered by their provision are:conducting frequent inspections of the site�s fire risk assessmentseducating employees on the threats, they�ve discovered and putting in place suitable fire safety measuresmaking emergency plansproviding workers with training, education, and information on fire safetyEmployers frequently designate a staff member in the fire marshal/warden job to supervise all fire strategies, depending on the type and size of the firm in question. This would entail evaluating the fire risk and establishing an evacuation plan. These wardens typically submit direct reports to the employer to ensure that company-wide fire safety procedures are followed.Content of fire safety training at workAll employees must get training on �the appropriate precautions and actions� to save themselves and other relevant persons on the premises,� according to the Fire Safety Act of 2005. Simply defined, it is the employer�s responsibility under the law to see new hires receive fire safety training pertinent to their workplace.Workers will require additional training if they are relocated to a new place of employment, if their duties change, or if they are exposed to new equipment that could be a fire danger. This instruction should teach participants about potential fire dangers, preventative measures, and what to do in the case of a fire.Fire Marshal TrainingAnyone in charge of managing fire safety at a company needs to have the necessary training. The�Fire Marshal (Fire Warden) course, which is Level 2 Award in Fire Safety at Hurak offers professional fire safety training.This online course gives you all the knowledge you need to carry out your duties in line with current legal requirements. Throughout the course, students will receive critical information on subjects like:An overview of how to recognise fire risks and carry out risk analysesThe fundamentals of coordination and evacuation during a fire, including fire drillsSafe and effective use of fire extinguishers�Description of the several fire classifications and each one�s unique characteristicsUsing and maintaining smoke and fire alarmsThe candidates must complete a brief multiple-choice exam after the course. If they are successful, they will receive a certificate and ID card, valid for 3 years, as proof that they are knowledgeable enough to perform the duties of a fire warden.Fire Safety AwarenessOur Fire Safety Awareness course is an excellent place to start if you�d want a more comprehensive introduction to workplace fire safety. Students will get a theoretical understanding of important subjects like:Causes of fire�Prevention of fireWhat to do during a fireUsing fire extinguishers correctlyEvacuation procedures in an emergency�Every employee should take this course since it satisfies the employer�s requirement to provide fire safety training to all new hires. Anyone wishing to improve their studies and become a certified fire warden could find this a valuable introduction to fire safety.Do I need the training to use a fire extinguisher?To prevent making the situation worse, you must have a basic awareness of the many types of flames and the available extinguishers before using one. Fire extinguisher training will provide professional insight and instruction on efficiently utilising this apparatus.�If you are interested in learning more about health and safety, visit�Hurak blogs, where we go into great detail on how learning functions and how it may help you. A�complete list of our online courses�is also available on our website.Call us at 0333 344 1293 if you have any additional questions about our courses or want to talk with a staff member. You can contact Hurak via email at�[email protected]�as well.
Health and Safety Risks on Construction Sites
It is quite difficult to manage health and safety in the construction industry. Anyone who enters a construction site runs the danger of getting hurt, making it one of the riskiest locations to work. That�s why most contractors in the UK ask for the CSCS Labourers Card, which is a physical testament that the workers have the entry-level skills and knowledge to work on the site. To get a Labourers Card, you need to complete the CSCS Green Card (Labourers Card) Course. Hurak offers the CSCS Labourers Card Course online as well as in classroom mode.Health and safety should be a top consideration on any construction site, whether residential or commercial. The potential health and safety risks include working at heights, using large equipment, and moving goods about the building site.In the UK, 80,000 construction workers experience work-related ill health each year, and 64,000 sustain non-fatal injuries, according to HSE. The 2016�2017 year saw 30 fatalities related to construction. This blog lists a few of the major ailments, accidents, and fatalities that occur in construction.Air-Borne Fibres and ToxinsAccording to HSE, 18,000 new cases of breathing issues1 are self-reported yearly, and there are 12,000 deaths from work-related lung diseases. Even though our sector is not entirely to blame for these issues, it is a major one. Many of these disorders take years to manifest, giving people a false sense of security and making it difficult for workers and their managers to enforce PPE properly.The atmosphere of construction has many potential sources of lung harm. These consist of:Stone masonry-related dust, debris removal, and general site cleanupWhen installing carpet, toxic fibres can become air-borne. Isocyanates can also be inhaled as an ingredient in paints, varnishes, glues, flooring, and building insulation materials.A variety of wood dustBreathing in these particles can cause various illnesses, including lung cancer, silicosis, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), occupational asthma, and silicosis.AsbestosAsbestos is a significant contributor to deadly respiratory diseases. When annual lung disease deaths are broken down, asbestos-related lung cancer accounts for 20% of the total. In the UK, there are almost 500,000 public buildings that contain asbestos. Older buildings have hazards for the unwary, especially electricians, including ceiling tiles, thermal paper and wall plaster, insulation, cement siding, switchgears and circuit breakers.It is important to emphasise that asbestos poses a unique risk because a worker�s family may be at risk if they bring the dust home. When a family member is exposed to asbestos dust, a condition known as para-occupational or secondary exposure, they are also at risk of respiratory problems.According to legal requirements for duty holders, the occupants of buildings or sites must be adequately protected from asbestos-related risks. Providing asbestos awareness training to those who might come into contact with asbestos is one way to uphold your duty of care.Collapse10 of the 137 workers who died at work in 2016�2017 did so due to an object collapsing. People who labour around or excavate are in danger since there are several potential outcomes. These consist of:entering an excavationthe vicinity of an excavation becoming unstable and collapsing as a result of additional weights (like scaffolding or vehicles)compromising the stability of neighbouring buildings, resulting in their collapseInjury from falling objects when the excavation�s structural integrity failsManual HandlingLifting, carrying, lowering, pushing, and pulling items and material loads are manual handling tasks. Although many other types of injuries are connected to material handling (bruises, punctures, fractured bones), soft tissue damage�damage to muscles, ligaments, tendons, discs, cartilage, and nerves�is the most frequent.Soft tissue injuries typically impact the lower back, hips, legs, knees, ankles, and feet in addition to the neck, shoulders, elbows, arms, wrists, and hands. They may occur instantly or develop over time as a minor ache that gets worse with time. The degree of pain associated with the injury can range from mild to moderate discomfort to severe pain and the possibility of long-term disability. Enrol in a manual handling course to learn the correct way to handle things and prevent further damage. To further prevent manual handling injuries, follow the construction site signage to ensure clear safety signage in high-risk areas.�NoiseIn the UK, there were 1,505 new claims for work-related deafness between 2007 and 2017; according to HSE, 1495 men and 10 women were among them. Potentially dangerous noise levels on construction sites provide challenges. The issue is that workers frequently neglect to use the recommended hearing protection since site noise levels can change. The inappropriate hearing protectors may also be provided, making people less willing to wear them and providing additional risks such as the inability to hear a warning call or an improper fit with other PPE.Slips and TripsAccording to HSE, several thousand people are hurt on the job each year in the construction sector, and about 1,000 of those suffer a dislocated joint or a broken bone. With around 40% of all reported injuries being slips and trips, they are the most prevalent non-fatal workplace injury. Slips and trips are important because, in most cases, dangers may be readily avoided with good work area management.Working From HeightWith approximately 50% of all fatal injuries in the construction profession occurring from working from heights in 2016�2017, this practice remains one of the leading causes of fatalities. Working from heights can present several risks, including:apertures without guards and a lack of guardrailsinsufficient edge protectionUnsecured scaffolding or laddersOn roofs and high pathways, loose tools and/or carelessly stored materialsUpon successfully completing the course, you will instantly receive a digital certificate in spectator safety accredited by CPD and Highfield. You can print the certificate and keep it for future recordExhaustionConstruction work can be very taxing and frequently necessitates long shifts of physically demanding work in occasionally inclement weather. Although it isn�t frequently mentioned as a severe concern, tiredness plays a role in many accidents on construction sites. A worker�s level of attentiveness declines when they are physically or psychologically worn out, leading to careless choices and expensive errors.SuicideSuicide is the leading cause of death, surpassing falling from heights. The UK outnumbers all other nations. The suicide rate for low-skilled male construction workers is over four times greater than the national average, according to the Office for National Statistics, making suicide 63% more likely in the construction sector than in any other reporting group. According to the statistics, 1,047 of the 10,688 �people in-work� suicides documented between 2011 and 2015 involved the construction business, making up a little over 13% of the total. Unexpectedly, mental health is the biggest concern in the construction sector rather than physical health.Why do people commit suicide more frequently than in other industries working in the construction sector? According to some, the job�s precariousness�combined with its low pay, exploitation, and bullying�is to blame.Moving ObjectsConstruction sites are frequently bustling with activity, and without proper workplace management, being struck by a moving object can become dangerous, similar to slips and trips.Several factors can cause a worker to be struck by a moving object. These consist of:crowded and disorganised workspaces that prevent safe manoeuvringlack of beepers or warning lights on moving carsunlit workspacesconcentrating while near moving itemsstumbling into moving objects like machinery, pallets, or boxesthe absence of warning signs at crossroads with trafficHand and Vibration SyndromeA worker will get hand and vibration syndrome (HAVS) if they always utilise handheld power equipment. HAVS is easily avoidable, but once it�s there, the damage is irreversible. Tingling in the hands, fingers, and/or numbness are among the earliest signs of HAVS. If untreated, dexterity deteriorates, and touch receptor function is compromised. This makes it difficult for workers to grasp objects properly, which leads to a variety of issues, such as making it difficult to hold onto a tool or even to pour a drink of water.ElectricityExposure to electrically live parts is dangerous. Direct contact with live parts can cause harm, as can indirectly contact with a conducting object or material. Each year, 1,000 electrical accidents at work are reported, according to HSE. The majority of these mishaps are caused by coming into contact with overhead or underground power cables, as well as electrical apparatus. Ladders, scaffolds, and other work platform falls are frequently brought on by electric shocks. Additionally, there are an increasing number of electrocutions involving people performing electrical work on building sites who are not licenced electricians.
Do's & Don'ts of Construction Safety
One of the most dangerous workplaces in the world is the construction site, but it is also one of the most neglected. In addition to the high number of accidents and injuries that occur there, these situations could endanger the lives of those concerned. For this reason, construction workers should be more cautious than those in any other profession.�We�ll go into the do�s and don�ts in construction to decrease workplace accidents and ensure your safety and, more importantly, the lives of your team to assist you in avoiding the unpleasant risks that might arise on-site. Construction sites will no longer be frightening if these rules are carefully followed.DO's1. Wear Safety Equipment At All TimesNo matter how high or low a worker�s platform is, there will always be a chance of rubble or other things falling on them. Workers could suffer an injury or pass away if anything fell on their heads. To protect your head from any debris that might fall from above, you should, at the very least, wear a hard hat the entire shift. Wearing gloves and high-visibility clothing, like any other safety equipment, protects your hands and improves your ability to see while you are in a potentially dangerous environment. Safety glasses are advised to protect your eyes from dust or sparks, and boots are encouraged owing to their endurance.2. Learn Site SafetyAlthough most of a construction worker�s abilities can be gained on the site, it is preferable to acquire safety knowledge before entering the site. The majority of the contractors in the UK require the labourers to have a CSCS Labourer Card, which is a testament that the worker has qualifications to work on a site. To apply for a CSCS Labourer Card, the workers need to complete the CSCS Green Card (Labourers Card) Course, also known as the CSCS Labourer Card Course, through which they will learn safety regulations and health-related topics like manual handling, hazardous substances, welfare facilities, etc. Experienced personnel should also enrol in the CSCS Labourer Card Course once every five years to increase/refresh their understanding of building standards for safety. These training sessions will cover anything from basic safety precautions to techniques that could save lives, like how to use a ladder safely. The main objective is to ensure that everyone is thoroughly trained. The employees ought to be aware of the safety precautions that must be taken in the event of an occurrence after these training sessions. .second-cta-block .main-heading { font-weight: bold; font-size: 22px; } .second-cta-block .book-now { background: #DF3D52; color: #FFFFFF !important; border-radius: 8px; } .second-cta-block .second-heading { font-size: 17px; } .second-cta-block .card { border: 0 !important; } .second-cta-block .card-body { border: 1px solid #909090; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 4px; border-top-right-radius: 100px; border-bottom-right-radius: 100px; background: #ECECEC; } .second-cta-block .image-wrapper { height: 134px; position: absolute; right: -100px; top: calc(50% - 67px); /* Center the image vertically */ } .second-cta-block .image-wrapper img { height: 100%; } .second-cta-block .trustpilot-widget { width: 256px; } .cta-heading-section { width: 75%; } @media screen and (max-width:991px) { .second-cta-block { padding-top: 100px; } .second-cta-block .card-body { border: 1px solid #909090; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 4px; border-radius: 19px; border-radius: 14px; background: #ECECEC; } .cta-heading-section { width: 100%; padding-top: 50px; } .second-cta-block .image-wrapper { height: 134px; right: 0; position: absolute; left: calc(50% - 108px); top: calc(50% - 203px); } } RQF LEVEL 1 COURSE for CSCS GREEN CARD Check the Course Rated Excellent on major review sites 3. Keep An Eye on Your Surroundings At All TimesAnyone entering a building site should always keep an eye out for potential dangers because there are nearly always many activities occurring at once. It would be best if you always kept an eye out for them wherever you travel because doing so will prevent catastrophic injuries. Examples include:Pits.Construction equipment.Beams moving about the region.Other risky parts of an incomplete building.Additionally, you must never talk on the phone or interact with others while operating machinery that needs close attention.4. Stay Close to The ForemanTo work effectively, supervisors should always ensure the safety of their construction crews. The foreman�s responsibility is to direct the personnel performing duties across the site. A foreman�s knowledge of construction safety places them in a leadership position that cannot be disregarded. Even if a safety issue isn�t immediately obvious, always pay attention to what they say about what is safe and what isn�t.5. Inform the Workers About Site HazardsEvery worker must be properly informed and aware of the potential risks before entering any construction job site, regardless of their position or degree of expertise. Unskilled or ignorant workers may pose the greatest risks to any company since they may unintentionally endanger those around them. The best method to avoid injuries or accidents is probably to fully comprehend the dangers around you and to maintain a constant level of attention.Essential safety training is required in workplaces where accidents and fatalities are more likely; doing so will help you avoid terrible events that will harm your reputation and finances. Even though training sessions are held all year long, construction workers would enforce safety regulations more effectively if they applied and practised the skills they learned there. Without the proper training, employees risk severe or even fatal injuries.6. Use Proper EquipmentYou need to provide your employees with the appropriate tools and a suitable workspace for the task at hand if you want to foster a culture that prioritises construction safety. Construction site safety is impossible without the right tools because there is always a danger of getting hurt when using the incorrect ones. With the wrong equipment, construction workers are sure to make serious, even fatal, mistakes. In addition to ensuring that every piece of equipment on the job site is appropriate for the task at hand, construction companies also need to ensure that all equipment is kept in good working order.7. Take a Break When NeededWhile putting in a lot of effort should always be viewed as rewarding, it�s okay to take a break occasionally. Taking a break before returning to work helps employees maintain their vitality. Make sure breaks don�t go any longer than they have to.DON�T1. Wear Anything Unsuitable on a Construction SiteCasual attire won�t keep workers safe while at work; baggy pants or skirts are more likely to cause injury than work pants, and steel-toed boots will always provide more protection against heavy objects than trendy running shoes.2. Wandering Into Unsafe AreasIt�s not always safe to enter a building site just because it�s large and has numerous places. Significant liabilities may result for the contractor and other parties. The dangerous spots should be suitably designated with cones and signage to deter workers or anyone from entering risky areas.3. Use Equipment You Are Not Familiar WithSome employees are better than others at using specific pieces of equipment. Although it could appear simple initially, employees shouldn�t utilise any new tools without supervision. Commercial real estate work is expensive enough as it is, and untrained workers run the risk of harming or destroying site property.
Consequences Of Poor Health & Safety Procedures in a Workplace
There can seem to be too many health and safety standards at times. It may not seem critical at the time, but delaying a legally necessary cleaning programme or skipping a periodic equipment maintenance check might have major repercussions.This essay will show the consequences of dispensing with your health and safety obligations, which should inspire you to prioritise health and safety in your company.Spending the time and money necessary to correct your health and safety culture is crucial because it can devastate your company, customers, and employees. Poor health and safety measures can leads to:Increased Risk of Ill Health and DeathSerious injuries or fatalities may occur due to your failure to implement sufficient health and safety procedures. A work-related illness or injury can affect an employee�s quality of life and keep them out of work for a while, but it can also hurt your business�s productivity, finances, and reputation, all of which can be challenging to repair.Four riders were seriously hurt when the Smiler roller coaster at Alton Towers crashed in the summer of 2015. An HSE investigation revealed no issues with the track, the vehicles, or the system intended to keep them apart while the ride was in operation. Nevertheless, HSE investigators �found the main reason to be a lack of comprehensive, reliable systems for taking safety-critical judgments. When working with passengers on the ride, personnel made several mistakes that the entire system [�] was unable to prevent.Following a guilty plea to violating section 3(1) of the Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, Merlin Attractions was given a $5 million fine. Many people were hurt in the collision, and two teenagers had to have their legs amputated as a result. All of this was brought on by Merlin�s failure to give health and safety responsibilities more importance.The Smiler incident has served as a reminder that safety is of the utmost importance to the entire industry. Since then, Alton Towers has upgraded their safety systems and made technological changes to the Smiler roller coaster. �It is something we will never forget and it is something we are utterly determined will never be repeated,� said Nick Varney, chief executive of Merlin Entertainments.Loss of ReputationFor a company to prosper, it is essential to have a positive reputation. It may result in more customers and investors, a more positive perception of your company in the community, and more people wanting to join it. However, a weak health and safety culture will harm a company�s reputation.The Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, killing eleven people and gravely injuring many more. When it was discovered that hazily written safety regulations caused the explosion, BP came under harsh criticism for the incident. According to the U.S.A. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, �Several regulation features are inadequate or lacking.�BP lost about $40 billion as a result of the Deepwater Horizon accident, and their stock price fell.Legal RepercussionsMaking a workplace a safe place for employees is the legal obligation of an employer. If the employers don�t take care of their legal obligations, they could end up paying a lot in legal fees, paying a lot in fines, and even going to jail.A planned arson attack culminated in a fire and explosion at Crofty Point Metals Ltd in Swansea in July 2013. Even though the owner was fully aware that the security and safety procedures needed to be improved, he was nonetheless held accountable. He repeatedly disregarded enforcement notices that advised him to tighten security to stop unauthorised people from entering the site, both to the company and himself. After receiving their notifications, HSE inspectors returned to the facility in December 2016 and discovered open, unattended gates, loose gas cylinders dispersed throughout, and insufficient safety requirements.The business admitted guilt and paid heavy fines for breaking Sections 2 (1) and 3 (1) of the Health & Safety at Work Act, 1974. After entering a plea of guilty to violating Sections 2 (1), 3 (1), and 37 (1) of the Health & Safety at Work Act, 1974, the site owner received a year in prison and a 7-year ban from serving as a director or manager of any company.Decrease in Productivity, Increase in TurnoverIf you don�t value health and safety, your company may experience a decline in productivity and a rise in staff turnover as morale drops. Why should employees be encouraged to put in extra effort if you don�t demonstrate appreciation for them by meeting even the most basic needs? When going to work, everyone should feel secure. If not, they probably will search elsewhere.You should keep your team motivated and keep responsible staff who can work safely and productively by upholding your health and safety obligations.
Crowd Safety During Emergencies
IntroductionAn essential factor to consider in any crowd safety plan is how to evacuate spectators from events safely and effectively. It will undoubtedly save lives and ensure everyone is kept as safe as possible in emergencies.Preparations During an EmergencyEvery venue will have emergency lights, signage, and preparations to send guests to the appropriate emergency exit. The distribution and crowding of people inside the arena, stadium, or green field site may make some of these exits inaccessible during catastrophes due to safety issues brought on by the situation itself, incident management of threats from outside the venue, or the emergency itself.The crowd�s density will determine people�s typical movement during such emergencies. Therefore, if everyone takes the same exit route or takes a route without being aware of the potential of convergence up ahead, they may wind up contributing to that convergence and reducing or slowing it to the point where the exit flow fails.Designing evacuation contingency plans that tell people how quickly and in which direction to move, based on real-time information that can adjust to the distribution of the population in any given circumstance, can be demonstrated to be a crucial aspect of the safety plan for these reasons.Crowd SafetyCrowd safety and the actions of event organisers, safety management teams, and emergency services have never been more in the spotlight thanks to the Hillsborough Inquest verdict that the 96 victims in 1989 were unlawfully killed, as well as the German Courts� decision that the 2010 Love Parade tragedy, in which 21 people died.Building design, crowd psychology, the competence of crowd safety planners and management to ensure this can be tasked safely, supported by appropriately trained and competent safety stewarding staff to implement the evacuation, will be the main factors that will contribute to the ability of people to evacuate an open space or building safely. .banner-blue { border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; border: 2px solid #ccc; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); background-color: #fdf9ee; } .book-now { color: white; background-color: #DF3D52; border: none; padding: 15px 60px; border-radius: 5px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 20px; text-decoration: none; } .book-now:hover { /*text-decoration: none;*/ color: white; background-color: #c33f50; } Get your Legal SIA Licence by signing up for our SIA Security courses Security Courses Book Now Rated Excellent on major review sites Crowd Behaviour TheoriesMany crowd behaviour theories were brought into crowd science over the 20th century. These include the well-known beliefs of Gustave Le Bon (1908), whose best-selling book �The Crowd�, written in 1895, was the first to identify perceived unfavourable characteristics of crowds. In the anonymity of the crowd, he claimed, civilised behaviour was replaced by primeval savagery, making mob behaviour unhealthy and aberrant. One of crowd science�s most influential early hypotheses was his (1908) �Group Mind Theory�. He said that when a person joins a group anonymously, they lose their sense of identity and accountability for their activities.These people believe that being in groups gives them a sense of strength and invincibility; this �contagion� causes people to degrade and turn to their animalistic impulses. Many of these crowd behaviour theories are no longer viable, and many are even viewed as dangerous to rely on (The Cabinet Office and Emergency Planning College, 2009).According to Anthony R. Mawson�s Social Attachment Model (Mawson AR 2005), being around familiar people and places has a calming effect and lowers the �flight� reaction, which can lead to stampeding and pushing. He claimed that social rules of behaviour do not fall apart that often.According to John Turner�s self-categorisation theory (Turner J 1987), catastrophes and emergencies can foster a sense of a shared identity or �we-ness�. As individuals flee a common threat, orderly, charitable, and cooperative behaviours would emerge.Crowd Behaviour ExamplesNumerous global catastrophes have occurred, and inquiry and analysis have revealed how this might be the case.2983 people died in the Twin Towers collapse in 2001. Later studies showed that even when people were aware of the threat, it could take minutes or even hours for them to leave a building. More than a general panic, this inaction contributed to the numerous fatalities. Before deciding to flee, people sought information to analyse (Fahy & Proulx, 2002). According to reports, several individuals left Tower 1 immediately, but many more continued with their �normal� activities. In 2001, individuals took about 45 minutes to leave the 90th floor.The July 7th London bombings were the subject of research, which revealed that people�s emotional responses to the explosion caused them to experience individual dread and suffering (Drury, Reicher, Scholfield, Langston, and Cocking 2007). However, during the evacuations, individuals behaved in a calm, orderly manner, and Londoners showed a sense of camaraderie by putting the needs of others above their own. No signs of fear could be seen, and despite the smoke-filled subway trains and platforms, there seemed to be a shared social identity, common aspirations, and solidarity to help others with the idea that others would do the same (Drury, 2016).Therefore, it would seem that people can retain social cohesion, resist panic, and show a high level of resilience when faced with difficulty and confusion.Spectator Safety CourseTo ensure an event�s success and how to prevent an emergency during an event, enrol in a Spectator Safety course.�Our stewarding course is taught by experienced instructors who have a wealth of information and tools to teach you about monitoring spectators and dealing with crowd problems.