The secondary survey assesses the injuries of an awake, responsive person. It involves thoroughly examining the person’s health history, assessing the four vital signs and conducting a systematic head-to-toe examination. If we discover any injuries, we administer first aid accordingly. Finally, we document all our actions and findings of the entire process. A secondary survey is performed after completing the primary steps of first aid (remembered as DRABC).
What is the Difference Between a Primary and a Secondary Survey
First, we always do a primary survey to quickly find and stop any life-threatening injuries. Once the person is more stable, we do a secondary survey. This is where we gather more information about what might have caused the person’s injuries or illness.Primary Survey | Secondary Survey |
First examination | Second examination |
Assesses and stabilities a person in life threatening conditions | Diagnoses and treats major injuries after stabilisation  |
Follows DRABC steps | Follow AMPLE steps |
Does not involves a head to toe examination | Involves a head to toe examination |
For responsive or unresponsive patients | Typically for responsive patients |
Why Do We Perform the Secondary Survey in First Aid
In a secondary survey, we look for injuries. We physically examine every part of the injured person’s body from head to toe. We check the front, back, sides, underneath, and top. This survey includes looking at the airway again and checking the lungs again.
When To Perform the Secondary Survey in First Aid
- If the person has more than one injury
- If it will take more than 20 minutes for medical help to arrive
- If you’re taking the person to get medical help

Ready to Learn More?
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